Electrodes Implanted Into The Brains Of Children

A complete listing of MKULTRA Subprojects, correspondence between Estabrooks and J. Edgar Hoover and other documents are included in the Appendices to BLUEBIRD.

The following text is the Introduction to the book:
 

The major goal of the Cold War mind control programs was to create dissociative symptoms and disorders, including full multiple personality disorder. The Manchurian Candidate⁶⁶ is fact, not fiction, and was created by the CIA in the 1950's under BLUEBIRD and ARTICHOKE mind control programs. Experiments with LSD, sensory deprivation, electro-convulsive treatment, brain electrode implants and hypnosis were designed to create amnesia, depersonalization, changes in identity and altered states of consciousness. The purpose of BLUEBIRD: Deliberate Creation Of Multiple Personality By Psychiatrists is to prove that the creation of controlled dissociation was a major goal of mind control research. Other authors, who are not specialists in dissociation^255-258, have failed to understand this fact.

The reality of the Manchurian Candidate has direct relevance to our understanding of the dissociative disorders. The Manchurian Candidate is an experimentally created multiple personality. Multiple personality disorder is now classified by the American Psychiatric Association¹² as dissociative identity disorder. The reality of the Manchurian Candidate is compelling evidence for the reality of iatrogenic, or therapist-created, multiple personality disorder; if the condition has been created deliberately by mind control doctors, then it can be created unwittingly by therapies which mimic the conditions and techniques of mind control.

Because the subject matter of this book is likely to provoke extreme reactions, I have taken great care to present only facts which are fully documented and based on objective, public domain information. Experiments to create Manchurian Candidate "super spies" must be understood in their social and historical context, which is one of pervasive, systematic mind control experimentation, not by a few isolated renegade doctors, but by the leaders of psychiatry and the major medical schools.

The literature on psychiatric participation in CIA and military mind control is incomplete. A systematic inventory of projects and investigators has never been attempted. Only one paper on the subject has been published in medical journals²⁴⁸ and only one book was published by academic presses in the 1990's.³¹³ These treatments of the subject had a narrow focus. Other books and articles on the subject range from scholarly^277-278 to popular.^{301, 307, 333} The last study of the subject with a broad perspective appeared over a decade ago.¹⁸⁴ The medical schools and academia have been completely silent on psychiatric participation in mind control experimentation.

The participation of psychiatrists and medical schools in mind control research was not a matter of a few scattered doctors pursuing questionable lines of investigation. Nor did the experiments occur in a previous era governed by different ethical standards than those prevailing at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Rather, the mind control experimentation was systematic, organized, and involved many leading psychiatrists and medical schools. Many leading psychiatrists must have been directly aware of the Manchurian Candidate programs.

The mind control experiments were interwoven with radiation experiments, and research on chemical and biological weapons. The mind control work was funded by the CIA, Army, Navy and Air Force, and concurrently by other agencies including the Public Health Service and the Scottish Rite Foundation. The psychiatrists, psychologists, neurosurgeons and other contractors conducting the work were imbedded in a broad network of doctors and much of the research was published in medical journals.

Mind control contractors with TOP SECRET clearance included the American Psychological Association, Past Presidents of the American Psychiatric Association and the Society for Biological Psychiatry, and psychiatrists who have received awards from the American Psychological Association and the American Psychiatric Association. Many of the mind control doctors have been the subjects of obituaries in the American Journal of Psychiatry.

Clinical responsibility for the mind control experiments lies with the doctors, who should have been constrained by the Hippocratic Oath. National Security interests are the proper responsibility of the CIA, and the CIA is not governed by the Hippocratic Oath. That the CIA created Manchurian Candidates is a fact, and easy to understand and justify from a National Security perspective. This book is not about the CIA, the military or the government. It is not based on conspiracy theory and it does not advance a conspiracy theory. I am not a critic of the CIA and I am not privy to the intelligence imperatives behind the Manchurian Candidate programs.

In terms of personal politics and philosophy, I greatly admire William Donovan, the father of the CIA.^{43,138, 302} If the West had not won the Cold War, I would likely have died in Gulag many years ago. The CIA and military intelligence agencies are owed a personal debt by me on this account. I am not criticizing the CIA or the military in this book because I am not an expert on intelligence matters. I am a psychiatrist specializing in dissociative disorders, which include multiple personality disorder.

Why do I admire William Donovan? If Donovan had been in charge of U.S. foreign policy after World War II, there would not have been a Vietnam War. The true spirit of the CIA would have prevailed. Donovan was the head of the OSS during World War II. The OSS was disbanded in 1945, but resurrected as the CIA in 1947. During the Second World War France was occupied by the Nazis. The French were our allies and the OSS worked with the French resistance. During the Nazi occupation, the northern half of France was administered directly by the Nazis, while the southern half plus Algeria were administered on behalf of the Nazis by Frenchmen. This southern government was called the Vichy Government. Our allies the French were collaborating with our enemies the Germans. The Vichy Government hated our allies the British, and in fact the British attacked the Vichy naval fleet in July, 1940.

Around the other side of the world, our enemies the Japanese occupied what is now called Vietnam in September, 1940. At that time North Vietnam was called Tonkin and South Vietnam was called Cochin. In order to occupy Vietnam, the Japanese kicked out the French government which occupied the country before and after the Second World War. In Vietnam, the French were our allies and the Japanese were our enemies. Unfortunately, the French government kicked out of South Vietnam by the Japanese was a Vichy government; this Vichy government was an enemy of our allies the British.

Linked to this diplomatic mess was the situation in China. In July, 1942 the OSS set up a guerrilla warfare unit in India for operations in southeast Asia and China. At the time, General Joseph Stilwell was U.S. Commander in China, Burma and India and also Chief of Staff to Chiang Kai-shek. The only American military force in China was an air force squadron called the Flying Tigers, headed up by General Claire Chennault. In 1947, Chennault became the head of Civil Air Transport, an airline owned and operated by the CIA.

In China, Chiang Kai-shek was enemies with Mao Tse-tung, so Mao Tse-tung should have been our enemy. On the other hand, Mao Tse-tung was aligned with our allies the Russians, so should have been our friend. The official American position was to be allies with Chiang Kai-shek, but the OSS trained about 25,000 of Mao's guerrillas and supplied them with 100,000 pistols.

Chiang Kai-shek's head of intelligence was a man called Tai Li. William Donovan met with Tai Li in person for various negotiations during the war. The British arrested Tai Li in Hong Kong in 1941 but he was released due to a personal intervention by Chiang Kai-shek.

In May, 1941 the Vietnamese, known at this time as the Annamites met in southern China, Chiang Kai-shek's territory, to set up a Vietnamese resistance organization. This organization was devoted to liberating Vietnam from Japanese occupation and establishing a free, democratic government aligned with the United States. The OSS supported the resistance fighters in Vietnam just like it did those in France.

The leader of the Viet Minh, the name given to the resistance organization, was a man called Nguyen ai Qoc: this man was arrested and imprisoned by Tai Li's agents in August, 1942. He was not released until September, 1943, and then only because of a deal made with Chiang Kai-shek's government by a Chinese warlord. After his release Nguyen ai Qoc changed his name to Ho Chi Minh in order to avoid Tai Li's agents.

For the last two years of the Second World War, Ho Chi Minh was the leader of the Vietnamese resistance against the Japanese. He created an extensive underground network in Tonkin, supplied intelligence to U.S. forces, and aided in the rescue of downed Flying Tiger pilots. He had full OSS support.

Our allies, the French didn't like Ho Chi Minh because if he succeeded in liberating Vietnam from the Japanese, and established a free democratic government, the French would not be able to take over at the end of the war. The deal that ended up getting made between the Americans, British, French and Russians was that the French could have South Vietnam back. This meant that Ho Chi Minh had to be transformed into a communist enemy of democracy.

OSS support of Ho Chi Minh included an officer of the Chase Manhattan Bank who was parachuted into his camp, and an OSS medic named Paul Hoagland. Paul Hoagland saved Ho Chi Minh's life with quinine and sulfa drugs, otherwise he would have died of a combination of malaria, dysentery and other tropical diseases. The OSS also trained 200 elite troops of Ho Chi Minh's army commander, a man named Vo Nguyen Giap.

On August 17, 1945 Ho Chi Minh and the Viet Minh took control of Hanoi from the Japanese. Ho Chi Minh was accompanied on his march into Hanoi by Paul Hoagland and the rest of the OSS Deer team that had parachuted into his camp. On that day, August 17, 1945, Ho Chi Minh broadcast the following message in English to OSS headquarters:

National Liberation Committee on VML begs U.S. authorities to inform United Nations the following. We were fighting Japs on the side of the United Nations. Now Japs surrendered. We beg the United Nations to realize their solemn promise that all nationalities will be given democracy and independence. If United Nations forget their solemn promise and don't give Indochina full independence, we will keep fighting until we get it.

On September 2, 1945 a band marched through Hanoi playing the Star Spangled Banner while OSS officer Colonel Archimedes Patti and Vo Nguyen Giap stood side by side, arms held in salute. The two men are shown in this stance in a photograph in Smith's book on the OSS.²⁹¹ Ho Chi Minh had declared that day Vietnam Independence Day, and he began his liberation speech with the words, "All men are created equal."

Ho Chi Minh, the hated Communist was originally a resistance fighter devoted to freedom and democracy, supported by William Donovan and the OSS in his fight against the Japanese. He was transformed into a Communist enemy because of the deal made between the British, Americans, French and Russians at the end of World War II. For several months after the end of the War, Donovan worked in Vietnam trying to rebuild the infrastructure, attract American capital to Vietnam, and establish a democracy lead by Ho Chi Minh. This effort was shut down for political reasons, and as a result the stage was set for American military involvement in Vietnam a decade later.

If the work of the OSS in Vietnam had continued under the CIA and William Donovan's leadership, there would have been no American casualties there in subsequent decades. Ho Chi Minh would have been the leader of a democracy aligned with the United States. But the true vision of the CIA did not prevail. I include this historical aside to show why I admire William Donovan, and to explain why I am not in any way a critic of the CIA.

My focus in BLUEBIRD: Deliberate Creation Of Multiple Personality By Psychiatrists is on psychiatry and the dissociative disorders. The need for military and intelligence research and development in the subject areas of BLUEBIRD, ARTICHOKE, MKULTRA and MKSEARCH is self-evident to me. My intent is to prove that the Manchurian Candidate is real, and to set the Manchurian Candidate programs in a historical and clinical context. I am interested in what the Manchurian Candidate can teach us about dissociative disorders, from a clinical perspective.

BLUEBIRD blows the whistle on extensive political abuse of psychiatry in North America in the second half of the twentieth century. Many thousands of prisoners and mental patients were subjected to unethical mind control experiments by leading psychiatrists and medical schools. Organized academic psychiatry has never acknowledged this history. The network of mind control doctors involved in BLUEBIRD has done a great deal of harm to the field of psychiatry and to psychiatric patients. My goal is to break the ugly silence.